How to Create a Reaction Paper

Step by step instructions to Create a Reaction Paper Step by step instructions to Write a Response Paper The response paper is a basic audit containing a basic investigation of the examination and assessment of a thesis, a monograph, a logical article, or some other logical work. The survey is an optional book, the consequence of the handling of data contained in the first content. It performs educational and assessment works, that is, accommodates illuminating, associate with logical work, appraisal, and appearance in a logical society of certain information. The element of this report is the capacity to impart, lead an exchange (regularly fanciful) between the analyst and the writer of the work, the commentator and the perusers. The creator of the audit can show their own qualities, the person goes about as an investigator or polemicist, who, with information on the case, assesses the first report, submits remarks, offers guidance and proposals, and starts a logical exchange. Composing such an exposition requires investigation of response papers for improving composing abilities, just as the examination of a logical article, surveying its qualities and shortcomings, points of interest and inconveniences, deciding the significance of the subject and the logical oddity of the exploration results. The Essence of Critical Analysis Basic investigation is a significant piece of the advanced logical procedure. For the advancement of science, it is important that the exploration techniques and results are concentrated in detail so as to settle on the best bearing for the improvement of things to come research. On the off chance that the examination was checked on and acknowledged for distribution, researchers and perusers could be certain that the article fulfills certain guidelines and the exploration can be trusted. (Present day science depends essentially on distributions in logical periodicals; in this way, if a researcher distributes a second rate study or commits an error in counts, trials, or ends, it might prompt mistakes in further examination by different researchers). During the time spent investigating the article can become:More dependable. Analysts may show holes in the creators work, which require progressively nitty gritty clarification or extra examinations. Simpler for observation. In the event that a few minutes in crafted by the writer are hard for the peruser to see, analysts may request to address them. Progressively helpful. Analysts inspect the writers research on the topic of their subject area.The Main Stages of Writing a Paper To accomplish victory, the accompanying advances are required when composing the response paper rubrics. Discover which logical issue the creator attempts to tackle. Remember that a logical issue is a type of information whose substance is something that isn't yet known by man. At the end of the day, the logical issue is the information about obliviousness, an inquiry that emerges during the time spent information and requires an answer. The issue as information on obliviousness mirrors the negative snapshot of the difficult circumstance, which shows the constrained psychological and commonsense abilities of the subject in a specific phase of advancement of comprehension. In any case, it is additionally a methods and strategy for finding new information. Issues themselves emerge either because of an impact of the hypothesis with perception, with reasonable movement or because of inconsistencies in a specific hypothesis. Comprehend the reason for the article and set the errand of the specialist. Does it answer a logical issue? Could the creator fathom it totally or in certain angles? What logical techniques are utilized by the scientist and for what parts of exploration? Is the utilization of these techniques defended; would they say they are reasonable for tackling a logical issue? Assess the unwavering quality of the sources, the achievability of their utilization, and the level of autonomy of the arrangements got by the creator of the examination. In this stage, you should work out the bibliographic rundown of the article, discover the level of logical advancement of the issue and assess the commitment of the on-screen character of the article. Expound on what is your assessment about the estimation of the exploration. Will its outcomes be utilized by and by? How? Can the discoveries of the creator be the reason for additional exploration? Will the distribution be valuable to understudies? Would it be able to be intriguing for a wide scope of perusers? Rules of Reaction Papers Creation After you have gotten spurred answers to every one of your inquiries, begin composing a response paper. Recollect that composing a survey requires time. This is a mindful survey of the content in the wake of perusing and re-perusing a few times. To begin with, you should peruse the content, note the most significant minutes, re-read it, and afterward begin considering its substance and your impressions once more. As an exceptional kind of text, the response paper has certain highlights. To begin with, similar to all other logical papers, it has a particular organization. Second, the survey contains appraisals, positive or negative, however assessments must be validated. Given that the response paper contains evaluations, they ought to be submitted as per the guidelines of correspondence. Negative assessments are not permitted to be communicated in a sharp structure, without certain proof. It isn't permitted to communicate negative assessments to the creators of logical work however just to the material of the announcement. The volume of the response paper ought to be around 700-800 words. The work must contain the title of the report, the writers family name and initials, the distribution year, the pages on which the article is posted, the content, which ought to be introduced in a subjective structure, an investigation and assessment of the article, a general sentiment on the companion looked into text, date and last name and initials of the commentator. Basic Approaches During the time spent basic investigation of a logical article, it is helpful to think from the perspective of three unique gatherings of people.Authors. The researcher needs to audit the article in the manner that the person in question might want different analysts to break down their own work. Assume the writers put forth a valiant effort to compose great quality work, yet they need a target see from the side, help in distinguishing issues with strategies, investigating, or presenting the material itself. Supervisor of the logical diary. For the editorial manager of the magazine, the fundamentally significant are the remarks on the importance and logical oddity of work, which the researcher is inspecting. Editors need to distribute just top notch records in their magazine. When choosing such records, the manager needs master help to decide whether examination is at a suitable level inside the branch of knowledge. Analysts assist editors with improving the nature of a distribution before they are distributed in the diary. Perusers. The researcher needs to recognize places that require explanation or progressively point by point portrayal with the goal that perusers can without much of a stretch comprehend the work. As a commentator, a researcher can spare perusers time by evacuating inconsequential pieces of the article or by remedying botches in research.There are a few inquiries to reply before beginning work on response paper: Is the researchers capability adequate? Does the writer have sufficient opportunity to address the article? It ought to be recalled that investigating is a significant commitment to science, alongside exploration and instructing, so it merits dedicating sufficient opportunity and exertion to this procedure. Are there any expected irreconcilable situations? The researcher ought to assess the work as unmistakably and equitably as could reasonably be expected. Expected irreconcilable circumstances include:The analyst or the creator may endure monetarily (building up a commentator is a contending item). The commentator has solid individual emotions (positive or negative) to one of the writers (for instance, a previous educator of the author). The researcher distributed articles with one of the writers of the article.Knowing these guidelines and suggestions, you can make a decent basic article (a response paper). Your composing abilities will improve; it will add to your accomplishment in school. Take a stab at composing an exposition and you will see this is a fascinating and intellectual movement.

Hydroponics Growing Without Soil :: essays research papers fc

Hydroponics: Growing Without Soil      The study of developing plants without soil has been known and utilized for more than one-hundred years. The word “hydroponics';, be that as it may, is similarly new. Dr. W.E. Gericke is normally given kudos for begetting the word, which deciphered from Greek, implies “working water';. The well known draping nurseries of Babylon were likely on of the primary endeavors to develop plants hydroponically. Crafted by Dr. Greicke in the 1920’s and 1930’s in California, be that as it may, is commonly viewed as the reason for almost all types of hydroponics. During the 1940’s at Purdue University, Robert B. what's more, Alice P. Withrow built up another hydroponic technique. Their procedure was called Nutriculture. Nutriculture differed from Dr. Gericke’s strategy in that rock was utilized as an establishing medium.      After World War II various business establishments were worked in the United States. Most of these were situated in Florida. Most were out of entryways and subject to the rigors of the climate. Poor development strategies and working practices made a significant number of them be fruitless and creation conflicting.      How is the nature of the food today influenced by the techniques for Hydroponics of today? Body      The developing media that is utilized for cultivating significantly impacts the creation of the plants. On the off chance that sand is utilized as a medium it ought to be tried completely for any buildup that may cause tainted developing medium. The sand ought to be cleaned something like each three of about a month. Filtering is additionally a significant advance, it is to be done toward the finish of each yield cycle ( Jones 69-70). Sand that is utilized for the medium ought to have sawdust blended in with it to take into consideration better seepage. The sawdust likewise makes the sand lighter and not settlement together as simple ( Bridwell 86).      Gravel is another medium, it is utilized all the more frequently in light of the fact that it is simpler to clean. On the off chance that rock is utilized round, smooth, stream type is liked. Granitic sorts are the best in view of its hardness. Whatever sort of rock that is bought must be altogether washed and cleaned to dispose of any calcareous on the rock. The size is additionally a factor when choosing rock. The bits of rock ought to be no littler than a quarter inch in breadth and bigger than a half inch. Squashed stone isn't favored in light of the fact that the sharp edges can harm the root framework.      The disinfecting process is a simple, yet a long and dull activity.

All About Toys

All About Toys As of exactly one year ago, toys have completely taken over my life. I am officially the Conner 2 authority on anything colorful and plastic. How did this happen? 2.00b, Toy Product Design. Ive blogged about it before, here, and Ill probably blog about it again sometime in the future. As a part of the class we took a trip to the Hasbro world headquarters. For those of you who dont know, Hasbro makes Mr. Potato Head, Monopoly, Nerf, My Little Pony, GI Joe, and tons of other stuff. During our trip to Hasbro I chatted with Don Fardie, one of the model shop guys, and ended up submitting a resume for a summer position. I got the job and spent the summer building action figures, assembling 3D printed parts, racing big wheels, and generally having one of the best summers ever. But, before that summer, I still had to make it through second semester with Toy Design. By the end of the semester my team, Team Emerald, had produced prototypes for our very own line of toys, ElectroPlushies! We took our toys to Hasbro to see if theyd be interested in producing and manufacturing them but they werent, so we began to explore other options. As we researched Limited Liability Corporations, Patent Attorneys, Safety Standards, and other complicated stuff, two important things were happening. The first was that a museum in Lowell, MA was interested in displaying ElectroPlushies in a toy exhibit for several months. I went and visited them a couple of times just to see how they were doing. They seemed to be getting along OK. The only part that wasnt doing OK was the fabric that we had dyed, it was starting to fade, but still looked decent. The second important thing was that the video of our final presentation was being broadcast on YouTube, and it didnt go unnoticed. We were contacted by a manufacturer/venture capitalist/designer that was eager to produce ElectroPlushies for us, free of charge! This was some of the most exciting news wed gotten in a while! Ok, Hasbro doesnt want them, but this way well have much more control over design decisions and manufacturing details! Then we ran into another problem. Our prototypes, while they did work, were about as far away from safe as possible. Theres a ton of engineering in store for ElectroPlushies before they can be manufactured, but our potential manufacturer didnt have the resources to do the necessary engineering. Solution? Ginny 10 found an invention contest on AbsolutelyNew.com that offered $20,000 worth of design, engineering, marketing, and prototypes to the winner, $10,000 for 2nd place, and $1,000 for 3rd place. A day or two before the deadline we slapped together an application (copy/paste from our final presentation) and submitted it. Fifteen days later we got an e-mail . . . Second Place! WOO! Included in our $10,000 package was complete access to a patent attorney, a patent (if patentable), market research, and engineering/3D renderings/models/prototypes. Thats right, engineering! While all of this contest stuff is happening, ElectroPlushies finished up their stay in the museum at Lowell and were transferred to the MIT Museum. If you visit the MIT Museum, go to the top of the stairs, and look to your left, youll see a large display case full of 2.00b toys. ElectroPlushies can be seen floating around in the air. Using my favorite friend Photoshop, I stitched together a bunch of pictures and managed to get a picture of the entire display, check it out. But wait theres more! This year Im a mentor/videographer for 2.00b so I get to live it all again! Also, Hasbro has actually started to manufacture some of the toys that I built over the summer, so I can begin telling people which toys I worked on! I spent a lot of time on action figures for the new animated Star Wars movie. I built the hand-painted models that were shipped overseas to use as guides for the final toys. Here are some of the ones that are currently for sale that I built. So thats where we are now. ElectroPlushies are in the MIT Museum, I have a bunch of toys that I built, were having $10,000 worth of development done on ElectroPlushies for free, Im filming 2.00b this year, and theres a trip to Hasbro coming up in about three weeks. Toys. . . they make the world a better place! Post Tagged #2.00b Toy Design

How I Develop Healthy Attitudes And Behaviors Of Her Life

In efforts to get Cecilia to think about how she can apply healthy attitudes and behaviors to her life, I utilize solution-focused approaches to my work with her as I have read about in the De Jong Miller (1995) article How to Interview for Client Strengths. I have tried to help Cecilia think about her long-term goals in life. Cecilia has expressed that she is interested in finishing her GED program, attending college, and wants to become an x-ray technician. When I asked what her end-goal was, she stated, â€Å"To have a happy normal life†. I asked her what that means to her and what that looks like. Cecilia stated that she doesn’t want to have to worry about bills, she wants to live in a nice house, and she also wants to have a â€Å"drama-free†¦show more content†¦Humor has been a way to help disarm an anxious and guarded client and a fun way to build rapport. Cecilia is extremely difficult to engage. However, when we talk about her interests, music tastes , and movies she likes, I often joke about how a lot of the people or shows she mentions are foreign to â€Å"an old geezer like me†. I try to incorporate humor into the modules we are covering. When we discussed objectification of women, I showed her a YouTube clip of Paris Hilton in a cheeseburger commercial. Paris Hilton was portrayed washing a car in a bikini while spraying water all over herself in a very provocative way. At the end of the commercial, she eats a cheeseburger. It’s a very provocative, inappropriate commercial, but we show it to our clients to discuss how and why people get objectified. During the commercial, I kept asking Cecilia, â€Å"Is this commercial for a car? A car washing fluid? A really good hose? A new bikini? What are they advertising?! I don’t understand!† Cecilia was laughing. Afterwards, she admitted that these commercials were absurd. Then we discussed how like her, when teens receive naked photos of a peer, they forget that peer has feelings, skills, emotions, etc. They turn the victim into a photo that they pass around and fail to think about how that person’s reputation will be ruined, and how they will

Invention of Paper in China - 5180 Words

The Invention of Paper in China Introduction Have you ever thought what life would be like without paper? Have you ever considered how many uses there are for paper? What about who came up with the idea for paper and where paper came from? Paper is one of those objects that we just take for granted. For our lifetimes it has always been around. We have never knows what it would be like to have to document something on anything but paper. Prior to the invention of paper, what was used to record information? If you have ever asked yourselves those questions, we have the answers. Fortunately, for us, we know that the Chinese invented the method of creating paper back around 105 A.D. Since then paper has been utilized for many†¦show more content†¦(The Education System, 2011). Religion in China has many forms. Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam can all be found in China. Traditionally, Communists consider religious practices anti-socialist and due to this many centers of worship were forced to close and religious leaders were persecuted before and during the Cultural Revolution which occurred between 1966 and 1977. Today, people have more religious freedom but in general, the Chinese government keeps a close watch on their activities. (Chinese Cultural Studies, 2011). Today, China is considered a newer player in the high-tech industry. China has transitioned from being a labor-intensive country to being an emerging leader in innovation. Much of this can be attributed to the support of the Chinese Government which has provided incentives to encourage companies to innovate while discouraging low-end manufacturers from operating in many parts of the country. Due to the shift in focus from low-cost manufacturing to innovation, it is expected that the need to find alternate sources to produce products traditionally produced in China could cause the prices of such items to rise across the globe. (Barboza, 2008). History of paper When paper was first created, it was used to record important events and data. However, paper has not been around forever so before paper the turtle shell, animal bone, golden stone, bamboo slips, wood and cloth were used for recording data andShow MoreRelatedEssay1115 Words   |  5 PagesSince china is seeing a rapid economic development in the past few decades, we have also heard about the environmental and other issues related to the development of the country. Since I came to china for study, I got the opportunity to learn more about the success of china’s economic development as well as the negative externalities of the development and also the problem related to higher population. I have also learned about Chinese culture, language, the interesting dynasties (kingdoms) and theRead MoreAncient Chinese Contribution669 Words   |  3 PagesThe contributions of ancient China are incredible. Some are still in use today and many led the way for technological advancement tha t might not have been possible without them. Ancient Chinese four most useful contributions or inventions created are paper, tea, gun powder, and the compass. These four inventions are very different in their own way. Paper is one of the four (4) great inventions of ancient China. Before it was invented, written symbols were scribed on the backs of turtles, on stonesRead More Ancient China Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages One of the most important inventions of all time was the invention of gunpowder. â€Å"Imagine their enemys surprise when the Chinese first demonstrated their newest invention in the eighth century AD. Chinese scientists discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The military applications were clear. New weapons were rapidly developed, including rockets and others that were launched from a bamboo tube† (Franklin Institute)Read MoreAncient Chinese Inventions. Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pageshere. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | Ancient Chinese inventions have had a huge impact on the modern world as we know it. Numerous technological and cultural advancements have spawned off from the inventions derived from Ancient China, which spans over thousands of years ago. A lot of the inventions really attest to how more advanced Ancient China was in science and technology. In the world today, they still symbolize excellence to many of the ChineseRead MoreAncient Chinese Contributions1510 Words   |  7 PagesHumanities 111/Professor Michael Curran | by | Rayshawn J. | 11/22/2011 | Ancient Chinese inventions have had a huge impact on the modern world as we know it. Numerous technological and cultural advancements have spawned off from the inventions derived from Ancient China, which spans over thousands of years ago. A lot of the inventions really attest to how more advanced Ancient China was in science and technology. In the world today, they still symbolize excellence to many of the ChineseRead MoreTop Invention from China735 Words   |  3 PagesChina has had lots of inventions and contributions to the world and just about all of them are still used today. The compass was one of the inventions created by the Chinese to help build their buildings in the right direction. 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Among them are gunpowder, the compass, paper, ink, tea drinking, the seismograph, kites and chopsticks (About.com, 2012). Perhaps the first four are the most important of these inventions, for the impact that they had on the development of mankind. This paper will outline these inventions and the great role that the contributed to human development. I believe that gunpowder was particularly ingenious, in part because the objective was notRead MoreWomens Roles Then and Now1056 Words   |  5 PagesWhenever we think of China, the first thought that may come to mind is the Great Wall of China, the cuddly pandas, cars, or even their wonderful cuisine. For more than fifteen hundred years, the Chinese culture have developed inventions and made contributions to things that not only be used on a daily basis, but to used in years to come. Some of the greatest inventions to come out from China are: alcohol; the mechanical clock; tea; silk; porcelain; iron and steel smelting; paper; printing; gunpowderRead MoreWhy did the Great Divergence Occur1384 Words   |  6 Pagestheir supposed superiority in invention and innovation above anywhere else in the world, this argument is flawed. A more compelling argument would be to state that it was rather through the geographical advantages that Europe obtained that lead it into eventually becoming the most powerful civilization after 1500 A.D., as this essay will strive to demonstrate. A case could be made that the Great Divergence ultimately grew on the basis of European technological invention and innovation. According to

Cis170 Ilab 5 Free Essays

Week 5 iLab Part A: using System; using System. Collections. Generic; using System. We will write a custom essay sample on Cis170 Ilab 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Linq; using System. Text; namespace Lab5A { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string[] playerName = new string[100]; int[] playerScore = new int[100]; int c = 0; c=InputData(ref playerName, ref playerScore); double avg= CalculateAverageScore(ref playerScore,c); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayPlayerData(ref playerName, ref playerScore, c); Console. WriteLine(); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Average Score: † + avg + † â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Player’s Who Scored Below Average†); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Name Score†); DisplayBelowAverage(avg, ref playerName, ref playerScore,c); } static int InputData(ref string[] player, ref int[] score) { int addName = 0,counter=0; do { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter Player’s Name (Q to quit): â€Å"); player[counter] = Console. ReadLine(); if (player[counter] == â€Å"q† || player[counter] == â€Å"Q†) { addName = 1; } else { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter score for {0}: â€Å", player[counter]); score[counter] = Convert. ToInt32(Console. ReadLine()); counter++; } } while (addName ! = 1); eturn counter; } static void DisplayPlayerData(ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { for (int i = 0; i counter; i++) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } static double CalculateAverageScore(ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { int total = 0, avg = 0; for (int i = 0; i counter; ++i) { total += Convert. ToInt32(playerScore[i]); } if (playerScore. Length 0) avg = total / counter; return avg; } static void DisplayBelowAverage(double avg, ref string[] playerName, ref int[] playerScore,int counter) { or (int i = 0; i counter; i++) { if (playerScore[i] avg) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"{0} {1}†, playerName[i], playerScore[i]); } } Console. ReadLine(); } } } Part B: using System; using System. Collections. Generic; using System. Linq; using System. Text; using System. Collections; namespace Week_5_iLab_Part_B { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string response = â€Å"y†; ArrayList LastNameAL = new ArrayList(); //Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); //LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); //Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (Y/N) â€Å"); //response = Console. ReadLine(); while (response == â€Å"y†) { Console. Write(â€Å"Enter a last name: â€Å"); LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()); Console. Write(â€Å"Keep Going? (y/n) â€Å"); response = Console. ReadLine(); } Console. WriteLine(LastNameAL. Count + † last names entered. â€Å"); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in ascending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Sort(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Console. WriteLine(â€Å"Last names in descending order. â€Å"); LastNameAL. Reverse(); foreach (string s in LastNameAL) { Console. WriteLine(s); } Console. ReadLine(); } } } How to cite Cis170 Ilab 5, Essay examples

Comparative Essay Catcher and Breakfast Club free essay sample

Various pieces of literature and entertainment exhibit similar characteristics in their writing style, themes, and portrayals. These features are in each piece to enhance the reading and viewing. The novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, and the movie The Breakfast Club directed by John Hughes, are two works that are similar in some significant aspects. Both compositions overflow with the theme of teenage rebellion, use rich vernacular, and portray adults as corrupt and unreasonable. These resemblances are recognized through the character’s actions and opinions in both pieces. A prominent theme in the novel The Catcher in the Rye is teenage rebellion. Throughout the novel, Holden does not conform to society’s standards of being a responsible teenager. Holden drops out of many schools, and fails almost all of his classes. His attitude regarding his worsening situation is unenthusiastic and careless. This is displayed when he says â€Å"I forgot to tell you about that. They kicked me out. I wasn’t supposed to come back after Christmas vacation, on account of I was flunking four subjects and not applying myself at all† (Salinger, 4). Holden was later confronted about his lack of motivation by his teacher, who said, â€Å"I flunked you in history because you knew absolutely nothing† (Salinger, 10). Holden’s negligence concerning school is typical of a rebelling teenager. Holden’s rebellion is further demonstrated in the novel when he runs away from Pencey Prep and has no specific goal ahead of him, saying â€Å"†¦ I decided I’d take a room in a hotel in New York – some very inexpensive hotel and all – and just take it easy till Wednesday† (Salinger, 51). Holden’s unclear plan presented his vague sense of responsibility and careless nature. This coupled with the irresponsible behaviour of drinking and employing prostitutes shows that Holden is tremendously defiant. â€Å"I ordered a scotch and soda, and told him not to mix it – fast as hell, because if you hem and haw, they think you’re under twenty-one and won’t sell any intoxicating liquor† were Holden’s thoughts after he bought a drink illegally (Salinger, 69). The key theme of teenage rebellion was conveyed in The Catcher in the Rye, through Holden’s disregard for school, lack of responsibility, and irresponsible behaviour. The most easily detected theme in The Breakfast Club is teenage rebellion. The movie revolves around five teenagers at a Saturday detention, who were there for rebelling against the expectations held of them. Throughout the movie, the teenagers harass one another, fool the teacher, fight, smoke marijuana, and talk about sex. One character said to the teacher supervising detention, â€Å"I think theres been a mistake. I know were in detention but I dont think I belong here† (Hughes, 1985). This evidences the attitude and rebellion of the students, as they denied doing anything wrong to a figure of authority. In both The Catcher in the Rye and The Breakfast Club, characters are seen talking to adults disrespectfully – a part of their rebellion. An example of one character harassing another is when Bender said to Claire, â€Å"So you just stick to the things you know: shopping, nail polish, your fathers BMW, and your poor, rich drunk mother in the Caribbean. † (Hughes, 1985). He rebelled against social norms by insulting a supposedly popular girl, and revealed his rebelliousness while doing so. Drinking is also an example of teenage rebellion in The Breakfast Club. When one character asked a girl how much vodka she drank, she replied with â€Å"Tons† (Hughes, 1985). Underage drinking is seen in both The Catcher in the Rye and The Breakfast Club as a means of teenagers rebelling. The constant fighting, harassing, crass language, and the fact that the protagonists are in detention for all of The Breakfast Club, delivers an overwhelming emphasis on teenage rebellion. Many of the same acts of rebellion are found in The Catcher in the Rye. Rich use of vernacular is found in The Catcher in the Rye. Holden constantly uses creative words particular to his time period in order to describe people and events, as well as effectively convey his opinion regarding many things. A common word Holden employs the use of is ‘phony’. This is seen when he says â€Å"For instance, they had this headmaster, Mr. Haas, that was the phoniest bastard I ever met in my life† (Salinger, 13). Other uses of vernacular include the words galoshes, crumby, flit, dough, chisel, swanky, and swell. These words add to the emotion and descriptive quality of the novel. â€Å"Some guy next to me was snowing hell out of the babe he was with† is an example of vernacular that helps to describe Holden’s thoughts (Salinger, 142). An example of slang used to add detail to the writing is, â€Å"I had a feeling old Ackleyd probably heard all the racket and was awake† (Salinger, 46). The particular language selected in the writing of The Catcher in the Rye also helps the reader relate to the main character, and is therefore an effective style of writing in many situations. The movie The Breakfast Club teems with vernacular that adds value its descriptive language. Much of the vernacular, like The Catcher in the Rye, is used according to the time period the pieces were released. A prime example of vernacular is when Bender imitated his father saying, â€Å"Stupid, worthless, no good, goddamn, freeloading son of a bitch. Retarded, big mouth, know-it-all, asshole, jerk† (Hughes, 1985). Other pieces of vernacular include babbling, hot beef injection, totaled, nads, boneheads, screwed around, wringed, and chickenshit. All these terms are used when appropriate to enhance the movie’s enthusiastic moments, and make a sense of realism appear. Using colloquial speech to deliver stereotypes is very common in The Breakfast Club. â€Å"Oh God, you richies are so smart, thats exactly why Im not heavy into activities† contains a stereotypical term for rich people that is slang (Hughes, 1985). Like The Catcher in the Rye, The Breakfast Club uses a wide variety of vernacular. Another notion conveyed in The Catcher in the Rye is that adults are corrupt and unreasonable. The novel portrays many adults as unreliable. An example of this is the portrayal of Sunny and Maurice. The prostitute and her boss were displayed as immoral and awful people. â€Å"Chief, you’re gonna force me inna roughin’ ya up a little bit† is what Maurice said to Holden while trying to steal his money. This not only displays the adult’s disrespect for others, but also his temper and crude way of talking. In the novel, Holden views adults as untrustworthy and thinks they are very different from children. He implicitly states this when he says â€Å"†¦Thousands of little kids, and nobodys around—nobody big, I mean—except me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Salinger, 173). Holden views the necessary transition into adulthood as an unfortunate event, and therefore he thinks lowly of many adults. This portrayal is also shown when Holden was staying at a teacher’s house, and believed the teacher was attempting to mistreat him. â€Å"He was trying to act very goddam casual and cool and all, but he wasn’t any too goddam cool. Take my word† were Holden’s thoughts after he woke up to his teacher patting his head (Salinger, 192). In the entire novel, Holden doesn’t think adults are trustworthy and views them as corrupt and problematic. In The Breakfast Club, adults are portrayed as dreadful and antagonistic people. This is mainly shown through the teacher Mr. Vernon, but other adults are referenced by the students. Mr. Vernon is very rude and abuses his power throughout the duration of the movie. This is evidenced through his agitated disposition towards the students. â€Å"I make $31,000 a year and I have a home and Im not about to throw it all away on some punk like you. But someday when youre outta here and youve forgotten all about this place and theyve forgotten all about you, and youre wrapped up in your own pathetic life, Im gonna be there. Thats right. And Im gonna kick the living shit out of you. Im gonna knock your dick in the dirt† (Hughes, 1985). Vernon’s careless and threatening actions are similar to those of Maurice’s in The Catcher in the Rye, showing that both works portray adults as corrupt and depraved. In the movie, Bender reveals that his father bought him cigarettes for Christmas, telling him, â€Å"Hey, smoke up Johnny. † (Hughes, 1985). Another student also says that his father put lots of pressure on him, going as far as saying, â€Å"I wont tolerate any losers in this family! Your intensity is for shit! Win! Win! Win! You son of a bitch. † (Hughes, 1985). Examples of parents and figures of authority as corrupt and lacking ideals are recurrent in The Breakfast Club, similar to, yet more emphasized than, The Catcher in the Rye. There are numerous similarities found in The novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, and the movie The Breakfast Club directed by John Hughes. These similarities include the theme of teenage rebellion, the use rich vernacular, and the portrayal of adults as corrupt and immoral. Holden’s rebellion was paralleled with the rebellion of the students in The Breakfast Club, as they almost all drank, broke rules, and were careless. The use of vernacular was also present in both pieces, and helped the works become both descriptive and relatable. The portrayal of adults as corrupt was present in both pieces, although adults were portrayed as extremely corrupt in The Breakfast Club. Both pieces share relevant ideas and styles, and convey similar messages. Like many other pieces of literature and entertainment, The Catcher in the Rye and The Breakfast Club exhibit common features that enhance the messages delivered, and that produce valuable literature and entertainment.

What Is the Theme of Mark Twains “a Fable” Essay Example

What Is the Theme of Mark Twains â€Å"a Fable?† Essay Michael Sender English 390: Fable and Fantasy Professor Robin Mosher June 1, 2010 What is the Theme of Mark Twain’s â€Å"A Fable? † Mark Twain’s â€Å"A Fable† is about how a man paints a masterpiece that is to be look at in a mirror. When the artist’s cat goes and tells his animal friends in the forest, the animals want to see the masterpiece as well. The cat brings the animals to the house one by one and has them look at the reflection of the painting in the mirror. However, whenever an animal goes to look at the painting, they unintentionally stand between the mirror and the painting, causing them to see only their reflections of themselves. The theme of the story can be functional to any reader because a reader’s interpretation of the story seen different from the author’s intent. For instance, like the animals in the woods, the reader of the story reads the words of the author’s story and pictures the story the way they want to see them in their own mind, which is a reflection of the reader’s own biases. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Theme of Mark Twains â€Å"a Fable?† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Theme of Mark Twains â€Å"a Fable?† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Theme of Mark Twains â€Å"a Fable?† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, all readers know that inside of every story is a painting of the author’s intent and some readers chose or do not even see the painting. It is believe that art can only be interpreted by how each audience member perceives it. Furthermore, although creatures or people may not be able to see something, they know that it is there. Take into consideration of how the donkey, from his perspective, does not see his own ears. While nobody can see the air or ocean currents but everyone knows that it does exist just like the donkey’s ears. However, in addition, a long time ago, people were like the animals from the forest who thought things like germs and bacteria did not exist because they had never seen them before. But when a person like the cat told them, the people did not believe in germs and would not believe that person while they believed sicknesses was caused by things like bad smells and angry spirits.

Cost and Managment Accounting Mcqs Essays

Cost and Managment Accounting Mcqs Essays Cost and Managment Accounting Mcqs Essay Cost and Managment Accounting Mcqs Essay Fixed cost per unit decreases when: a. Production volume increases. b. Production volume decreases. c. Variable cost per unit decreases. d. Variable cost per unit increases. 2). Prime cost + Factory overhead cost is: a. Conversion cost. b. Production cost. c. Total cost. d. None of given option. 3). Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed Rs. 90,000; Opening and closing stock of raw material is Rs. 50,000 and 30,000 respectively. a. Rs. 10,000 b. Rs. 20,000 c. Rs. 70,000 d. Rs. 1,60,000 4). If Cost of goods sold = Rs. 40,000 GP Margin = 20% of sales Calculate the Gross profit margin. a. Rs. 32,000 b. Rs. 48,000 c. Rs. 8,000 d. Rs. 10,000 5). ______________ method assumes that the goods received most recently in the stores or produced recently are the first ones to be delivered to the requisitioning department. a. FIFO b. Weighted average method c. Most recent price method d. LIFO Fill in the blanks: (5 x 1) 1). Indirect cost that is incurred in producing product or services but which can not traced in full. 2 Sunk cost is the cost that incurred or expended in the past which can not be retrieved. 3). Conversion cost = Direct Labor + FOH 4). If cost of goods sold Rs. 20,000 and Sales Rs. 50,000 then Gross Markup Rate is 150% 5). Under Perpetual system, a complete and continuous record of movement of each inventory item is maintained. 1. Cost of production report is a _________________. a. Financial statement b. Production process report c. Order sheet d. None of given option. 2. There are ___________ parts of cost of production report. a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 ( 6th is concerned with calculation of loss) d. 7 3. Which one of the organization follows the cost of production report _________________? . Textile unit b. Chartered accountant firm c. Poultry forming d. None of the given option. 4. _____________________ part of cost of production report explains the cost incurred during the process. a. Quantity schedule b. Cost accounted for as follow c. Cost charge to the department d. None of given option Solve the question 5 to 7. If units put in the process 7,000, units completed and transfer o ut 5,000. Units still in process (100% Material, 50% Conversion cost). 500 units were lost. Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and 60,000. 5. Find the number of units that will appear in quantity schedule a. 5,750 b. 7,000 c. 5,000 d. 6,500 6. Find the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion cost a. Material 7. 69; Conversion cost 10. 43 b. Material 7. 14; Conversion cost 10. 43 c. Material 7. 14; Conversion cost 9. 23 d. None of given option 7. Find the value of cost transferred to next department: a. Rs. 57,500 b. Rs. 50,000 c. Rs. 70,000 d. None of given option. 8. In case of second department find the increase of per unit cost in case of unit lost. Cost received from previous department is Rs. ,40,000. a. 1. 43 b. (2. 13) c. 1. 54 d. 1. 67 9. Opening work in process inventory can be calculated under a. FIFO and Average costing b. LIFO and Average costing c. FIFO and LIFO costing d. None of given option 10 _________________ needs further processing to improve its marketability. a. By product b. Joint Product c. Augmented product d. None of the given option Choose one of the best choices. 1. Jan 1; finishe d goods inventory of Manuel Company was $3, 00,000. During the year Manuel’s cost of goods sold was $19, 00,000, sales were $2, 000,000 with a 20% gross profit. Calculate cost assigned to the December 31; finished goods inventory. a. $ 4,00,000 b. $ 6,00,000 c. $ 16,00,000 d. None of given options 2. The main purpose of cost accounting is to: a. Maximize profits. b. Help in inventory valuation c. Provide information to management for decision making d. Aid in the fixation of selling price 3. The combination of direct material and direct labor is a. Total production Cost b. Prime Cost c. Conversion Cost d. Total manufacturing Cost 4. The cost expended in the past that cannot be retrieved on product or service a. Relevant Cost b. Sunk Cost c. Product Cost d. Irrelevant Cost 5. When a manufacturing process requires mostly human labor and there are widely varying wage rates among workers, what is probably the most appropriate basis of applying factory costs to work in process? a. Machine hours b. Cost of materials used c. Direct labor hours d. Direct labor dollars 6. A typical factory overhead cost is: a. distribution b. internal audit c. compensation of plant manager d. design 7. An industry that would most likely use process costing procedures is: a. tires b. home construction c. printing d. aircraft . 8. Complete the following table | |Per unit |Total | |Fixed cost |Increase |Constant | |Variable cost | | | |Total cost |Increase |Decrease | a. Constant, Decrease b. Decrease, Decrease c. Increase, Increase d. Increase, Decrease 9. The Kennedy Corporation uses Raw Material Z in a manufacturing process. Information as to balances on hand, purchases and requisitions of Raw Material Z is given below: Jan. 1 Balance: 200 lbs. @ $1. 50 08 Received 500 lbs. @ $1. 55 18 Issued 100 lbs. 25 Issued 260 lbs. 30 Received 150 lbs. @ $1. 60 If a perpetual inventory record of Raw Material Z is maintained on a FIFO basis, it will show a month end inventory of: a. $240 b. $784 c. $759 d. $767 10. A disadvantage of an hourly wage plan is that it: a. Provides no incentive for employees to achieve and maintain a high level of production. b. Is hardly ever used and is difficult to apply. c. Establishes a definite rate per hour for each employee. d. Encourages employees to sacrifice quality in order to maximize earnings. (10 x 1=10) (Question 2-a) From the following information calculate the Maximum stock level, Minimum stock level, Re-ordering level and Danger stock level;- (a) Average consumption 300 units per day (b) Maximum consumption 400 units per day (c) Minimum consumption 200 units per day (d) Re-order quantity 3,600 units (e) Re-order period 10 to 15 days (f) Emergency Re-order period 13 days (1. 254=5) Solution: Order Level = Maximum Consumption x Lead Time (maximum) = 400 x 15 = 6,000 Maximum level =Order level – (Minimum consumption x Lead time) + EOQ = 6,000 – (200 x 10) + 3,600 = 7,600 Minimum Level = Order level- (Average consumption x lead time) = 6,000 – (300 x 12. 5) = 2,250 Danger Level = Average consumption x Emergency time = 300 x 13 = 3,900 (Question 2-b) Following data are available with respect to a certain material. |Annual requirement |1200 units | |Cost to place an order |Rs 3. 0 | |Annual interest rate |5% | |Per unit cost. |Rs 5. 00 | |Annual carrying cost per unit |Rs 0. 25 | Required: 1) Economic order quantity 2) Number of orders per year 3) Frequency of orders (2+1. 5+1. 5=5) Solution: (1)EOQ= (2 x 1200 x 3/0. 25 + 5% of 5)1/2 = 120 units (2)No of order= Annual order/order size = 1200/120 = 10 (3) Frequency of orders= No of days in a year / No of order = 360/10 = 36days Find out correct option from given MCQs put your answer in above table: 1. A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two departments. 10,000 units were put in process. 9,400 units were completed transferred to department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete) were in process at the end of month. Remaining 200 units were lost during processing. Costs incurred by the department were as follows: Particulars Rs. Direct Materials 19,400 Direct Labor 24,250 Factory overhead 14,550 Apportionment of the Accumulated Cost/Total Cost accounted for, for the month in CPR ____________ a. Rs. 24,250 Approximately b. Rs. 56,987 Approximately c. Rs. 58,200 Approximately d. None of the given options MCQ # 2 and 3 are based on the following data: Allied chemical company reported the following production data for its department: Particulars Units Received in from department –1 55,000 Transferred out department –3 39,500 In process (1/3 labor overhead) 10,500 All materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing department collected following figures for department No. 2: Particulars Rs. Unit cost received in 1. 80 Labor cost in department No. 2 27,520 Applied overhead in Department No. 2 15,480 2. Equivalent units of labor FOH are _________ a. 3,500 units b. 39,500 units c. 3,000 units d. None of the given options 3. Unit cost of lost unit after adjustment (by using any method) _________ Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 a. Rs. 0. 64 b. Rs. 0. 36 c. Rs. 0. 18 d. None of the given options MCQ # 4, 5 and 6 are based on the following data: In Department No. 315 normal production losses are discovered at the end of process. During January 2007 following costs were charged to Department 315: Particulars Rs. Direct Materials 30,000 Direct Labor 20,000 Manufacturing overhead 10,000 Cost from preceding department 96,000 Data of production quantities is as follows: Particulars Units Received in 12,000 Transferred out 7,000 Normal Production Loss 1,000 Partly processed units in Department No. 315 were completed 50%. 4. Cost of normal loss (where normal loss is discovered at the end of process) _________: a. Rs. 14,000 b. Rs. 44,000 c. Rs. 1, 12,000 d. None of the given options 5. Equivalent units of material __________ a. 2,000 units b. 7,000 units c. 10,000 units d. None of the given options 6. Unit cost of Direct Labor__________ a. Rs. 1 b. Rs. 2 c. Rs. 3 d. None of the given options Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 7. During January, Assembling department received 60,000 units from preceding department at a unit cost of Rs. 3. 54. Costs added in the assembly department were: Particulars Rs. Materials 41,650 Labor 101,700 Factory overheads 56,500 There was no work in process beginning inventory. Particulars Units Units from preceding department 60,000 Units transferred out 50,000 Units in process at the end of month (all materials, 2/3converted) 9,000 Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials conversion cost ) 1,000 The entire loss is considered abnormal is to be charged to factory overhead. Equivalent units of material __________ . 9,000 units b. 56,500 units c. 59,500 units d. None of the given options 8. For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Job Order Costing system? a. Oil Refining b. Grain dealing c. Beverage production d. Law Cases 9. For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Process Costing system? a. Grain dealer b. Television repair shop c. Law office d. Auditor Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 10. The difference between total revenues and total variable costs is known as: a. Contribution margin b. Gross margin c. Operating income d. Fixed costs 11. Percentage of Margin of Safety can be calculated in which one of the following ways? a. Based on budgeted Sales b. Using budget profit c. Using profit Contribution ratio d. All of the given options 12. Which of the following represents a CVP equation? a. Sales = Contribution margin (Rs. ) + Fixed expenses + Profits b. Sales = Contribution margin ratio + Fixed expenses + Profits c. Sales = Variable expenses + Fixed expenses + profits d. Sales = Variable expenses – Fixed expenses + profits 13. If 120 units produced, 100 units were sold @ Rs. 200 per unit. Variable cost related to production selling is Rs. 150 per unit and fixed cost is Rs. ,000. If the management wants to decrease sales price by 10%, what will be the effect of decreasing unit sales price on profitability of company? (Cost volume profit analysis keep in your mind while solving it) a. Remains constant b. Profits will increased c. Company will have to face losses d. None of the given options 14. If 120 units pro duced, 100 units were sold @ Rs. 200 per unit. Variable cost related to production selling is Rs. 150 per unit and fixed cost is Rs. 5,000. If the management wants to increase sales price by 10%, what will be increasing sales profit of company by increasing unit sales price. Cost volume profit analysis keep in your mind while solving it) a. Rs. 2,000 b. Rs. 5,000 c. Rs. 7,000 d. None of the given options Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 MCQ # 15, 16, 17 and 18 are based on the following data: The following is the Corporations Income Statement for last month: Particulars Rs. Sales 4,000,000 Less: variable expenses 2,800,000 Contribution margin 1,200,000 Less: fixed expenses 720,000 Net income 480,000 The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A total of 80,000 units were produced and sold last month. 15. What is the companys contribution margin ratio? . 30% b. 70% c. 150% d. None of given options 16. What is the companys break-even in units? a. 48,000 units b. 72,000 units c. 80,000 units d. None of the given options 17. How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs. 600,000? a. 88,000 units b. 100,000 units c. 106,668 units d. None of given options 18. What is the companys margin of safety in Rs? a. Rs. 480,000 b. Rs. 1,600,000 c. Rs. 2,400,000 d. None of given options Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 19. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? a. A manufacturer of ink cartridges would ordinarily use process costing rather than job-order costing b. If a company uses a process costing system it accumulates costs by processing department rather than by job c. The output of a processing department must be homogeneous in order to use process costing e. All of the given options 20. Which of the following statements is (are) true? a. Companies that produce many different products or services are more likely to use job-order costing systems than process costing systems b. Job-order costing systems are used by manufactures only and process costing systems are used by service firms only . Job-order costing systems are used by service firms and process costing systems are used by manufacturers e. All of the given options 21. Product cost is normally: a. Higher in Absorption costing than Marginal costing b. Higher in Marginal costing than Absorption costing c. Equal in both Absorption and Marginal costing d. None of the given options 22. Using absorption costing, unit cost of product includes which of the following combination of costs? a. Direct materials, direct labor and fixed overhead b. Direct materials, direct labor and variable overhead c. Direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead and fixed overhead d. Only direct materials and direct labor 23. Marginal costing is also known as: a. Indirect costing b. Direct costing c. Variable costing d. Both (b) and (c) Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 MCQ # 24 25 are based on the following data: The following data related to production of ABC Company: Units produced 1,000 units Direct materials Rs. 6 Direct labor Rs. 10 Fixed overhead Rs. 6000 Variable overhead Rs. 6 Fixed selling and administrative Rs. 2000 Variable selling and administrative Rs. 2 24. Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under absorption costing? . Rs. 22 b. Rs. 28 c. Rs. 30 d. None of the given options 25. Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under marginal costing? a. Rs. 22 b. Rs. 24 c. Rs. 28 d. None of the given options 26. The break-even point is the point where: a. Total sales revenue equals total expenses (variable and fixed) b. Total contribution margin equals total fixed expenses c. T otal sales revenue equals to variable expenses only d. Both a b 27. The break-even point in units is calculated using_______ a. Fixed expenses and the contribution margin ratio b. Variable expenses and the contribution margin ratio . Fixed expenses and the unit contribution margin d. Variable expenses and the unit contribution margin Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Quiz 02 Fall Semester 2007 28. The margin of safety can be defined as: a. The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual variable expenses b. The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual fixed expenses c. The excess of budgeted sales over the break-even volume of sales d. The excess of budgeted net income over actual net income 29. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by using which one of the given formula? a. Sales Fixed Expenses)/Sales b. (Sales Variable Expenses)/Sales c. (Sales Total Expenses)/Sales d. None of the given options 30. Data of a company XYZ is given below Particulars Rs. Sales 15,00,000 Variable cost 9,00,000 Fixed Cost 4,00,000 Break Even Sales in Rs. __________ a. Rs. 1, 00,000 b. Rs. 2, 00,000 c. Rs. 13, 00,000 d. None of the given options 1. Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has invested in a profitable Avenue. From Company A, he received the dividend of 35% and from Company B he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for investment. His opportunity cost will be: a) 35,000 b) 25,000 c) 10,000 d) 55,000 2. In increasing production volume situation, the behavior of Fixed cost Variable cost will be: a) Increases, constant b) Constant, increases c) Increases, decreases d) Decreases, increases 3. While calculating the finished goods ending inventory, what would be the formula to calculate per unit cost? a) Cost of goods sold / number of units sold b) Cost of goods to be manufactured / number of units manufactured c) Cost of goods manufactured / number of units manufactured d) Total manufacturing cost / number of units manufactured . If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000 and FOH is 40% of conversion cost. What will be the amount of FOH? a) 63,000 b) 30,000 c) 28,000 d) 16,800 5. Which one of the following centers is responsible to earns sales revenue? a) Cost center b) Investment center c) Revenue center d) Profit center 6. Which one of the following cost would not be termed as Product Costs? a) Indirect Material b) Direc t Labor c) Administrative Salaries d) Plant supervisor’s Salary 7. Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is turning over towards the cost of goods sold? ) Inventory backup ratio b) Inventory turnover ratio c) Inventory holding period d) Both A B 8. When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending inventory is more than opening inventory, it means that: a) Increase in inventory b) Decrease in inventory c) Both a and b d) None of the given options 9. The total labor cost incurred by a manufacturing entity includes which one of the following elements? a) Direct labor cost b) Indirect labor cost c) Abnormal labor cost d) All of the given options 10. If, Opening stock1,000 units Material Purchase7,000 units Closing Stock500 units Material consumed Rs. 7,500 What will be the inventory turnover ratio? a) 10 Times b) 12 times c) 14. 5 times d) 9. 5 times 1. 1. A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two departments. 10,000 units were put in process. 9,400 units were completed transferred to department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete) were in process at the end of month. Remaining 200 units were lost during processing. Costs incurred by the department were as follows: |Particulars |Rs. | |Direct Materials |19,400 | |Direct Labor |24,250 | Factory overhead |14,550 | Equivalent units of material, for the month in CPR ____________ 1. a. 200 units 2. b. 9400 units 3. c. 9600 units 4. d. None of the given options MCQ # 2 and 3 are based on the following data: Allied chemical company reported the following production data for its department: |Particulars |Units | |Received in from department –1 |55,000 | |Transferred out department –3 |39,500 | |In process (1/3 labor overhead) |1 0,500 | All materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing department collected following figures for department No. 2: |Particulars |Rs. | |Unit cost received in |1. 80 | |Labor cost in department No. 2 |27,520 | |Applied overhead in Department No. 2 |15,480 | 1. 2. Equivalent units of Material are _________ 1. a. 3,500 units 2. b. 39,500 units 3. c. 43,000 units 4. d. None of the given options Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02 Special Semester 2007 1. 3. Unit cost used for transferred out _________ 1. a. Rs. 0. 64 2. b. Rs. 0. 36 3. c. Rs. 0. 18 4. d. None of the given options 1. 4. During January, Assembling department received 60,000 units from preceding department at a unit cost of Rs. 3. 54. Costs added in the assembly department were: |Particulars |Rs. | |Materials |41,650 | |Labor |101,700 | |Factory overheads |56,500 | There was no work in process beginning inventory. Particulars |Units | |Units from preceding department |60,000 | |Units transferred out |50,000 | |Units in process at the end of month |9,000 | |(all materials, 2/3converted) | | |Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials conversion cost ) |1,000 | The entire loss is considered abnormal is to be charged to factory overhead. Cost transferred to next department __________ 1. a. Rs. 55,703. 3 App. 2. b. Rs. 356,546. 6 App. 3. c. Rs. 412,249. 9 App. 4. d. None of the given options MCQ # 5, 6, 7 and 8 are based on the following data: The following is the Corporations Income Statement for last month: |Particulars |Rs. | |Sales |4,000,000 | |Less: variable expenses |1,800,000 | |Contribution margin |2,200,000 | Less: fixed expenses |720,000 | |Net income |1480,000 | Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02 Special Semester 2007 The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A total of 80,000 units were produced and sold last month. 1. 5. What is the companys contribution margin ratio? 1. a. 30% 2. b. 50% 3. c. 150% 4. d. None of given options 2. 6. What is the companys break-even in units? 1. a. 48,000 units 2. b. 72,000 units 3. c. 80,000 units 4. d. None of the given options 3. 7. How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs. 600,000? 1. a. 48,000 units 2. b. 88,000 units 3. c. 106,668 units 4. d. None of given options 1. 8. What is the companys margin of safety in Rs? 1. a. Rs. 1,600,000 2. b. Rs. 2,400,000 3. c. Rs. 25,60,000 4. d. None of given options MCQ # 9 10 are based on the following data: The following data related to production of ABC Company: |Units produced |2,000 units | |Direct materials |Rs. 6 | Direct labor |Rs. 10 | |Fixed overhead |Rs. 20,000 | |Variable overhead |Rs. 6 | Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02 Special Semester 2007 |Fixed selling and administrative |Rs. 2000 | |Variable selling and administrative |Rs. 2 | 1. 9. Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under absorption costing? 1. a. Rs. 32 2. b. Rs. 30 3. c. Rs. 25 4. d. None of the given options 1. 10. Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under marginal costing? 1. a. Rs. 22 2. b. Rs. 24 3. c. Rs. 28 4. d. None of the given options (11-15)Write the names of given five budgets. XYZ Ltd Production Budget For the month of Jan-March |Particulars |Units | |No. of units sold | |Add Desired closing stock | |Less Estimated opening stock | |No. of units manufactured | XYZ Ltd Budgeted income Statement For the month of________ Particulars |Rs. | |Sales | |Less Cost of goods sold | |Gross profit | |Less Operating expenses | |Administrative expenses | |Selling expenses | |Profit from operation | Cost Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02 Special Semester 2007 |Less Financial charges | |Add Other income | |Profit before tax | XYZ Ltd Cash Budget For the month of Jan-March Particulars |Jan |Feb |Mar | |Opening balance | |Add Receipts (Anticipated cash receipt from all sources) | |Less Payments (Anticipated utilization of cash) | |Excess / Deficit | |Bank b arrowing / Overdraft | |Closing balance |ove its marketability. a) By product b) Joint Product c) Augmented product d) None of the given options

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy Essay

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy - Essay Example This system also seems unfair, as it imposes different tax rates on people in the same society. The successful high-income earners in society might feel prejudiced. Monopoly is mainly caused by the presence of many barriers in the market, which prevent other business players from gaining entrance into the market. Additionally, when there is no other substitute for specific products in the market, monopoly is likely to occur. In some countries, the government may also give powers to specific companies to monopolize the market legally. Finally, the ownership of patents and copyright protection results in monopoly power for some businesses. In order to increase competition, governments should provide incentives such as subsidies to companies. In addition, small companies should be exempted from meeting the standards of the bigger companies, as these lack the facilities and financial resources to meet the high standards. Breaking down bids and making them smaller is advantageous to smaller firms, as these are comfortable with smaller contracts. If these among others are observed, more new companies will be attracted into the market. Regulation of markets is important for consumers. This involves laid down standards by the regulatory body to ensure an acceptable business practice in the supply of goods and services. This helps in price control, and controlling natural monopolies, especially in the electricity supply industries and the telecommunications sector. This benefits individual companies too, as regulation encourages fair competition in companies, while protecting the consumers. The idea of capture was developed by George Stigler and argues that, if industries capture their regulatory agencies, they can benefit from regulation. They can do this by making the regulatory agencies depend on their technology and political influence. On the other hand, public-interest theory applies in market failures, when

Annie Hall Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annie Hall - Assignment Example Characters in the film, for instance, display postmodernism in several aspects. Alvy Singer uses postmodern aspects in the film. She faces the camera and speaks to the movie’s audience. That implies the film features postmodern techniques of two characters displayed on a single screen. At an instance, the coverage is two-thirds of the screen. Besides the innovative techniques applied in the film, there are instances of realism applied by the directors and that reveals postmodernism. The film features occasions when events are not arranged in a linear format, as they should occur. At some instance, the audience can view the screen in a simultaneous hence dismisses the ordered nature of progress that is characteristic of conventional filmmaking. The ordered nature of the storyline that is characteristic of many films is defied in the movie. The characters do not display reforms in behavior from their introduction to the time when the movie ends (Canby 1). Wood Allen, for instance, is a miserable character when the movie begins. Observed from a critical viewpoint, Wood Allen depicts contentment with his state of misery and further attempts to justify it. Although Wood Allen served for fifteen years is psychoanalysis, his life does not seem to progress in life. Alvy, in the film, displays exceptional characters of an invincible narrator. On diverse instances, he directly addresses the audience that shows his superb characters as a narrator. Alvy’s capabilities are exceptional and display postmodernism in the film. That grants the film great quality in the manner Alvy does performs an aside. There are sensibilities of storytelling in the film that depict postmodernism. The techniques challenge the classical styles of conversations that are characteristic of many movies. In essence, it is more symbolic and iconographic of postmodern structure of conversations and

Multinational Company Bmw Economic Essay

Multinational Company Bmw Economic Essay BMW is the multinational company that I choose for the assignment. BMW is a company that operating in more than 1 country. They are not only operating in their home country (Germany) but they also operate in many countries like: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and etc. Beside that BMW also have manufacture in country like UK, USA, Mexico, South Africa and etc. So BMW is proving as a multinational company. BMW Group is one of the worlds largest premium carmakers and BMW is also the parent of the company of BMW MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands, and, formerly, Rover. BMW headquarters in Munich, Germany. The company slogans in English are The Ultimate Driving Machine and Sheer Driving Pleasure. BMW was founded by Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913. Automobiles, motorcycles and financial services are three segments that operate by BMW and they manufactured the first passenger car running by hydrogen. BMW manufacturing is plant in Germany, Austria, UK, USA, Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and also Vietnam. BMWs main competitors include Acura, Alfa Romeo, Audi, Cadillac, Infiniti, Jaguar, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo all of this are consider luxury brands of the car products. Nowadays, BMW is support by 11different types of series which is: BMW C1, BMW 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 series, BMW X3, 5, 6, BMW Z4, BMW M5, BMW M6, and BMW Z4 M. According to the research, shown that there are 2 new divisions for BMW been introduce in October 1, 2007. Which are corporate and brand development will be lead by the director of corporate planning this is focus on the vital for brand management, corporate planning, and strategic implementation BMW. Second, purchasing and supplier network that headed by Dr.Herbert.Diess. The purpose is to reduce the material cost and expenses factor. These are few of the new management strategy that BMW Company is using to operate the c ompany. 15 Sentence of credit crunch in general are stand for credit crunch make it almost impossible to the lender like bank and investor to borrow the money because they become very chary of lending the money to the corporation. They scared of bankruptcies and defaults, which they drive up the price of debt products for borrowers which result in higher rates. The consequence is drag on of recession, which the shrinking of the credit supply wills happens as a result. 2 Credit crunch overall background is starting with the lender like bank are suffering loss because of their previous lending loans, and this make them normally unable and averse to lend the money again to the borrowers. This happen when the borrower in arrears and the properties underlying a defaulted loan and drop in the value. As in this case the borrowers default, the bank can only foreclose on hypothecate and trying to sell this property to compensate the funds they loaned out. Thereby, if the pricing of the house is decreasing, the bank is considered left selling at the cost. The banker capital position is reducing; when they suffer losses which are reduce the amount that they are able to lend out. The lending institutions are requiring keeping down the minimum levels of capital. 3 The reasons that cause to the credit crunch are first: speculation. Many people go to obtain additional loans with very easy terms for instance no initial down payment because it is too easy to gain the credit from the banks so that all of the peoples and investors think that the price will going to increase also. The rapidity increase in property value make investors to jump into the investment with low and no fundamentals. This situation will make the investors to feel that they are missing out and left behind, in case as many investors going to heap up it will cause increasingly unsustainable to the price of property. Next is lack of the regulatory oversight, the distrustful of loans are make by mortgage brokers and bankers, the underwriters who working in the bank are determine whether the ability of the borrowers is there for them to repay the loans and turn a blind eye to what is going on so that the increasing of the profit can see by the loans that they have written. In addit ional, there are others reasons like Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) and subprime loans, the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, Historically low interest rates, and as well as politics which happen because many of the politicians going to say that the higher of the rate of the home ownership for Americans is better, but what would happen to the economy from the perspective of those that cant afford their homes when an inevitable slowdown occurred.4 The occurring of the credit crunch will actually affect the economy of a country and company in few ways. First, the banker will actually tighten up the credit for all types of loans and become more caution to lending the loans. So that this directly affects the small businesses peoples that who are depend on the loans and the credit to fund their day to day operation and become illiquid. Next, unemployment rises is one of the ways that will affect a company and country where the businesses are unable to pay for all the immediate bills and so that they also facing the problem that they cannot pay for the employees salary and so that caused the situation like unemployment increasing in nationwide. The bankers and the brokerage firms are hit by this credit crunch. Apart of that a spiraling domino effect occurs, above these two economies effects of the economies crisis can make the economy of a country going down and than affect the whole country economy and if the economy of a country continues to going downward, it will lead to the difficult to stop the cycle. 5 On year 2008, America was affected by the serious economy crisis, and their economy is actually hit really hard by this economy crisis. We can see through the secondary data that done by research show that BMW also hit by 2008 economy crisis. According to (Chris Reiter 2010) BMW and Mercedes this two world largest luxury car makers was only sold a combine 31,000 fewer vehicles last month because of the occurring of economy crisis and cause credit crunch that discourage the power purchasing of consumers. The percentage of sales are also falling down 8.3% to 113.005 cars and sport- utility vehicles from 123,300 vehicles a year earlier by BMW Company whose are also owns the Mini and Rolls-Royce auto brands. Next, Auto sales in US BMW as a biggest market also decrease 32 percent in October of 2008 to the lowest monthly total since January 1991. They look back to their 2008 profile target on November BMW plans to cut production by 65,000 cars and SUVs according to (Chris Reiter 2010). Chris Reiter (2010) states that BMW is involved in the extremely changeling market and the vehicles sales are decreasing for the whole year because of this. As what Ian Robertson who are the Munich-based carmakers sales chief said: in a statement today, reiterating a forecast released Nov. 4. The retail gains made in our growth markets were unable to fully offset declines in Western Europe, Japan and the U.S. Chris Reiter (2010) also states that BMW posted 12% drop in Western Europe, 5% drop in US and the worst is Japan drop 34%. Furthermore, David Gow (2010) states that credit crunch put brakes on BMW 2008 also when US economy goes down turn and BMW reported that a step fall down in first quarter earnings. The son company of BMW Mini and Rolls Royce said that the pre-tax profits spilled 25% to ( £505m), dragged down by increased risk provisions, tighter credit and the strong euro. According to (S. wall, S. Minocha, B. Rees, 2010)[case study 4.2 BMW after Rover], show Rover in Britain worsened and hopeless in early of March 2010 due to the strong pound damaging the exports of Rover. Finally Rover sells to Alchemy. This happened and uproar Britain press and politicians because scaring big number of unemployment in Rover and few supplier are located around the region. Alchemy withdrew from bidding process and sell to Phoenix consortium for  £10. Previous 6 years BMW spent total  £34billion to save Rover but posted big losses. The disposal provoked a political storm in Britain, and BMW bosses were someone parliamentary before this. Britain government furious, Milberg (who took over CEO of BMW in 1999) retorted government slow to get the signals he sent in a phone call before the situation worsened. This criticism infuriated the government again. This shows that government and political mess will also cause a problem to a company. Apart from that, the case stud y also stated that the decreasing and increasing of a currency will also give a huge impact to a company. The pounds became stronger and then give a direct effect to the company and destroy their exports businesses are one of the problem that we can see from the case and this may indirectly lead to the occur of credit crunch as well. 14 David Gow (2010) states BMW a 5.6% rise across its three brands to a record 351,787 despite a 9.1% drop in their biggest market, US. The international financial crisis deteriorates the climate for consumer spending became gloomier, it said, pointing to March 2008 as the peak of the crisis. Before this BMW still expect to beat the last year sales record to 1.5m but the USs economy getting worst and lead to the dropping of the profits. The world largest luxury carmaker BMW have became the victims of the credit crunch on 2008. It took a 236 million euro (S$500 million) charge because of falling prices and rising bad debt in the United States. The move is the provision made of the divinable losses in business area. This move could cause to increased nervousness about the impact of the financial crisis on the economy in Europe, even as most companies report robust first-quarter results. This is what reported by The Financial Times. The Click here to find out more!Daimler chief executive Dieter Zetsche says that in 2008 may that month the general car sales of US is fall down this year but the growth in emerging in market can expiation it. 6 In addition, research shows that 2008 BMW sons company MINI has declared that axes 800 redundancies in Cowley, Oxford hire prompting protests from unions over a perceived lack of sensitivity towards the rights of agency workers. The redundancy pay will not received by many of the staffs that who have been made the contract through the agency Manpower. At the same time the sales of the luxury cars are drop very ruggedness, so because of that supermini segment has experienced a less severe downturn driven by a consumer shift to smaller and more economical vehicles. Seen from secondary data, clearly we can see the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) January figure, the trend towards the smallest segment the mini or city car segment is growing stronger as the recession deepens, with new car registrations up 40.8% on 2008 figures. At British, Mini was one of the last of the car manufacturers that are continue working through these suffering times, but they are not produce an y cars on that relevant week because of to the significant fall in global demand. Around 20% of these 800 axes redundancies are going to tha manufacture like: Jaguar, Nissan and etc. 7 BMW became the first victim of the credit crunch on 24 of April, that who are the world largest luxury carmaker. BMW took a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬236m ($369m) charge because of falling prices and rising bad debt in the US are showing through the research. But however the pre-tax level is slightly increased compare with last year. 8 The strategy that BMW use to overcome credit crunch are first: that are one of the reason why BMW and Mercedes are teaming up. There are fewer options for OEM (original equipment makers), consolidations of period have gone through by automobile suppliers and this trend is expected to speedup for the next few years. It becomes difficult for the investment capital because credit crunch makes suppliers harder to fund their business. 9 Many organizations are affected by the credit crunch in UK industry and so BMW. But BMW consider one of the successful from them and six awards are goes to BMW and German manufacturer sales rise and new models bring in new customers. Although BMW also affected but they get the award for best small car with the MINI, best small premium car for the 1 Series and best large premium car for the 3 Series. In addition, The 5 Series took the gong for best executive car and the X5 won best SUV and BMW was presented with the Fleet News environmental award for the EfficientDynamics package. 10 Next, BMW also trying to protect himself from credit crunch by helping some of the suppliers. The stronger suppliers are encouraging by BMW to take over weaker supplier in this case and BMW will pay more for the parts, speedup the payment and as well as they will temporary pay higher price for the parts. 11 Apart from that, in UK, during credit crunch the governments are actually asking to help the car manufacture and government helping a litter bit where we just seem it banking sector. According to the research, on that time if the government is still not aware of this problem and the unemployment will become worst and the number of import export within UK and other country will be reduce and shown that UK government will loss  £110 billion revenue and UK  £146.2 billion tax next couple of year if the government despise this case. 12 However, in Malaysia it will still have at least a litter bit effects because of credit crunch but the god strategy need to be prepared to face the credit crunch. According to Briscoe, he believes that the luxury car like BMW needs to have a better positioned for it to growth in the industry when facing difficulty at the economic side. He also said that: There would be an impact but we feel that the volume-based car segment would be more affected than the premium segment. According to him as well in Malaysia market in 2009, was to provide the right car at the right market at the right time. Extra key are they are now focusing on their credit crunch strategy are introduce more diesel powered cars. 13 This are few strategy that BMW done or the place government done to solve the various problem during credit crunch. But actually they are pro and con for every strategy they used and pro and con as well for the helping from the government, it is just depend on each of us to criticize either each of this strategy are falls into pro or con. In my opinion, as the first point I listed above BMW are teaming up with Mercedes, to invest in the suppliers and the next point that BMW are encourage strong supplier to take over weaker suppliers. It is just a good decision I think because it is not a good decision if we just leave our cars part supplier to facing and suffering alone with the credit crunch without any assisting. In the tough time during credit crunch, if we are not helping each other among supplier even competitor we might just die together because of the wrong decision. We can actually helping each other according to our capability like what BMW and the rest done. Next, the ethical issues are very vital for a company. According to (S. wall, S. Minocha, B. Rees, 2010), an organization must make sure that every decision they make, have a conscious ethical content. If it is an internal problem, it maybe about the labour working hours, or their wages problem. When come to the BMW do à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬international business with other country, company must ensure they does not apply their own ethical norms to the foreign country but is conforms to the local customs, and ethical as well as morality enough when making any of the business decision and also during economy crisis. Although the company situation is worse and worried but any decision making by BMW will be ethical enough; example during credit crunch any methods using to solve the credit crunch problem, it must be with ethical.

IT Business Outsourcing Essay

Outsourcing basically means a process of constricting to another party. It is done at the outsourcing client’s location under their supervision. There are many essential factors which are needed to decide whether to outsource the information process or not. First major factor is the activity or the process itself. Main concern should be the process, whether it’s really needed to be outsourced (Loh et. al, 1992). If it is core job to that organization, then its better not to outsource it. If the task really requires highly efficient skills which is not available in your organization, then it’s better to outsource it. Second most important factor is the financial strategy. While deciding whether to outsource, main goal of company is to save money. It’s essential to verify, what will be the total cost in both the cases, if the task to be performed within the organization or outside. Hence, the main factors for deciding why to outsource are outsourcers cost, their capabilities and the potential end product which ultimately will reduce the risk and increase organization profit. Influence of Risk Assessment on the decision making process when seeking to outsource information processes Risk is always associated with the process of outsourcing. Many organizations who went for outsourcing, failed and few of the reasons are like cultural misalignment, end product not as per the quality and deadlines or delivery times missed. There are mainly two types of risk associated with the process of outsourcing: external risk and internal risk. Read more:Â  Essay on Business Process Outsourcing External risks are those risks which occur outside the organization and upon which organization do not have any control. these risks includes a search of outsourcer who will offer the required skills in a cost effective manner, an exchange rate fluctuation that can impact the cost savings, lack of ability to guard organization intellectual protection property and physical location of outsourcer which includes economic and political risk as well (Aubert, 1998). Internal risks are those risks which occur inside the organization while outsourcing. Language is the most targeted risk if outsourcing happen between two different countries where English is not the primary language and the ability of communicating to outsourcers in a remote location where technology is not so updated. Influence of change management requirements on the decision making process when seeking to outsource information processes One of the key factors for a successful outsourcing is the organizations effective change management policy. Organizations who failed to manage the changes effectively suffer a lot. Within an organization, the most important change management program is to create such a reliable communication strategy, so that the employees don’t feel scared about the job security. There should be proper redeployment and retention plans for all employees to make them feel secure. Proper training should be provided to make them understand how to deal with outsourcers. Few change management factors during this process are good leadership quality, crystal clear procedures, strategy safeguarding stakeholder’s interests, communication strategy and a change-over course of action for every step (Wullenweber et al, 2008). Inclusion of different entities by business when making decisions on the processes to outsource and the third party entity to outsource to Businesses include entities when time comes to decide whether to go for outsourcing or not. When an organization needs a process to be outsourced, decision of top level (CEO or a Director) is essential. Without their confirmation, company can’t think of moving ahead. After the confirmation, now its middle management turns to check whether all the important factors are going in favor of outsourcing or not. Here come different entities like finance, Hr, marketing, quality and third party. Finance department will check outsourcing in terms of cost saving, while HR will check if the company really needs outsourcing staff or it has its own (DiRomualdo et. al. , 1998). Marketing people will do a survey to acquire a list of best outsourcing companies and quality will judge whether the decision is anywhere hampering the quality and how to improve it in future. Third party will also play a vital role as their location, cost of doing outsourcing and few other factors will also effect the decision (W. McFarlan et. al, 1995).

Financing Strategy Essay

There are many options for expansion for a privately held company. The Huffman Trucking Company has options to expand the operations of the business. The three best options that the firm faces are; going public through an IPO, acquiring another organization in the same industry, or merging with another organization. With each of these being a possibility, there are some aspects that must be taken into consideration. First there are strengths of the option, as well as weaknesses. Each option also comes with its own opportunities as well as threats, which must not be over looked. While there are pros and cons to any decision that will be made as far as going forward is concerned, expanding operations is imperative to staying competitive in the business world this day in age. Weighing each option will allow The Huffman Trucking Company’s decision makers to come to the best conclusion when moving forward. Going Public through an IPO An initial public offering (IPO) is a process in which a private company issues shares of stock to the public for the first time. Often times this process is known as â€Å"going public†. Regardless of how people refer to it though, it is extremely important for Huffman Trucking to consider this option for further expansion (â€Å"Encyclopedia Of Business†, 2013). The strength in this approach is that it could generate revenues that do not have to be paid back. The initial purchasers of the stock are buying a portion of the company in hopes that the value will increase. Huffman Trucking can then use those funds to purchase new equipment, hire more employees, and more importantly to expand their service area in the United States. However, there are weaknesses in this decision. The current ownership and management would lose a great deal of decision making power for the company. In an instant, the entire management team would have a group of stockholders to answer to. The knowledge savvy that got Huffman Trucking to where it is would become secondary to the whims of the stock holders. The opportunities of this approach are many, but primarily, it would put Huffman Trucking on the map. Increasing the recognition and reputation of the company can go a long way to increasing revenues. Also, going public would create a financing climate for the company that would provide even more opportunity to gain investment monies (when needed) for further growth. The major threat of this decision is that current ownership and management would be thrown out. If the stockholders felt that they knew better for the company, steps could be taken to get rid of anyone deemed detrimental to the company. This could mean that in a matter of years the original owner and every member of the original management team could be removed from the company. Acquiring another Organization in the Same Industry Another option for Huffman Trucking is to acquire another organization within the trucking industry. Huffman trucking can already credit some of its growth in the past to acquiring other businesses, though each case is different and it’s important to consider the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with another acquisition. Acquiring another business can help Huffman Trucking to increase their efficiency and business. This is a known strength for acquiring another business, because they already have a location that they cover as well as a customer base, and their name is known, associating Huffman Trucking with that name will help their customers feel comfortable offering their business to Huffman. Depending on how Huffman is already staffed, a weakness of acquiring another business could be bringing on to many employees, or even having to let some of that company’s current employees go. If Huffman brings on those employees they have to make sure they have enough business to pay for all of their labor, and if they have to terminate those employees it can give the company a negative public image for cutting jobs. There are countless opportunities when acquiring another company in the same industry. It all depends on how the specific company handles the acquisition. One major opportunity is unlimited growth, if the acquisition goes well for both companies than Huffman will probably have the chance to acquire other businesses within the same industry and continue to grow. A threat would be that there is really no guarantee how the other company will handle the acquisition. There could be negative publicity or issues with current employees if Huffman doesn’t handle the situation appropriately from the beginning. Merging Organizations Many times, a company like Huffman Trucking potentially can build strength by merging with other organizations. Careful consideration and planning needs to take place before simply diving into any venture; however, if the company were to mesh itself with a company that is already holding itself upright, Huffman Trucking potentially could have more to offer its customers. In combination with the diverse services Huffman already provides, it can expand on these services. Especially, if Huffman aligns itself with another well-known company, consumers could still get their needs met by the former company while also being introduced to the products and services offered by Huffman. In relation, if Huffman shares nearby territories with other companies that offer similar services, it may be a wise move to merge the companies into one entity. â€Å"It is smart to merge with, successful companies if the services complement each other. The acquiring company would have access to a new market and an already established customer base† (NFIB, 2013, P. 1). In this instance Huffman would serve as the main headquarters; the head honchos taking over. Combining similar companies together potentially can ignite more power as a union, reinforcing the strength in numbers concept. â€Å"Merging is a way to encourage growth; it can be looked upon as a way to open up new channels and new markets† (NFIB, 2013, P.1). Occasionally companies experience down times, mostly because of market trends. On their own, they simply would lose steam and eventually fade into financial despair, unless another company chooses to offer a life raft. In these instances, a large company may swoop in and â€Å"buy† out the struggling company. The endeavor can prove to be fruitful if the larger company is successful at not only turning around profits for the struggling company but also building onto its own. Acquiring additional assets also helps to make a large company â€Å"look† better to investors. Huffman Trucking initially may desire to keep everything the â€Å"same.† It may even promise that employees will not lose their jobs. The reality, however; for any successful merger, is that change is inevitable and some employees will be let go. If Huffman attempts to retain too many employees it sets itself up for failure as the synergy processes can become strained. Within a given organization, only so many associates are needed to fill the necessary departments. The action of merging with other companies automatically reveals the existence of several different â€Å"departments† of employees doing the same type of work. Huffman will have to determine how many workers are â€Å"needed† to fill these positions and then layoff, or relocate the rest. Larger companies merging with other large, successful companies may merge more smoothly with minimal layoffs, and such a condition would be ideal. The merging endeavor could unfortunately cause a temporary downward trend in stock prices. Huffman may be tempted to get cocky with prices because it is now owner of many smaller entities. It may would reason that since it offers products widely sought by consumers that pricing rests solely within their whim. Consumers, however, â€Å"may rebel when confronted by increased costs as they seek cheaper product alternatives within the marketplace† (Rimm & Media, Wint). The opportunities are numerous when a merger is successful. Two well-financed, profitable companies potentially can exponentially increase their net worth by joining forces. Keeping lines of communication open among the entire company promotes enthusiasm from workers old and new. Acquiring companies can benefit from the broader customer base; in conjunction it can often decrease expenses as they produce more of their own brand. Although the reality exists that some employees will be let go, there also lays potential risks. â€Å"Customer service may suffer as employees feel less motivated to go out of their way to help clients and shoppers† (Rimm & Media, Wint). A gradually weakening workforce fueled by employee stress and weakened morale will eventually affect the face of the entire company. Many merger efforts actually discourage employees from seeking employment elsewhere, as they want the merger process to unfold smoothly. This is no way guarantees job security for workers long-term. Consequently, some employees will be intolerant toward the unknown. They feel unmotivated. Turnover is sure to spread among departments. As departments begin to weaken, remaining workers may start to feel the squeeze of added work load. During the merger, the company is unlikely to hire replacement workers right away. The overall spirit within the company may slowly deteriorate as result. Another potential threat is an already weak company deciding to merge with another weak company, assuming that combining the two will induce success. Two broke companies will seldom find success together. More than likely, they simply will fail as one unit. Huffman Trucking should consider several factors when choosing to pursue an international location. Financial decisions for Huffman Trucking will be affected by the decision to branch out into international markets. The usual factors that Huffman Trucking takes into consideration in the planning efforts of supply and demand will include new risks. These risks will â€Å"include unanticipated commodity price shocks, volatile exchange rates, and unexpected supply disruptions as a result of forces beyond our controls, such as physical disasters and terrorist attacks† (Neuman, 2005). The company should consider interest rates as this will affect the exchanges from one currency to another. Employment levels and economic growth expectations will also potentially affect exchange rates. Rising unemployment in another country could bring the value of that country’s currency down, thus creating a less favorable exchange rate. The same is true for general economic conditions. If a country’s economy is not growing interest rates are likely rising and potentially affect exchange rates as well. Another factor Huffman Trucking should consider when choosing a location for potential international expansion is the trade balance of the other country as well as its political and regulatory structure. A country wants to maintain a positive trade balance to keep a favorable demand for its currency. The political structure within a foreign country needs to be strong to help protect the investments of Huffman Trucking. The foreign country should possess clearly defined regulations. Strong regulations will also help protect the company’s investments. These critical factors will aid Huffman Trucking is determining where international expansion aligns with their operations. Each of the choices before Huffman Trucking are valid and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. It is important to note that expansion is an important part of successful business, but not necessarily a requirement. Huffman Trucking must decide if negative side effects of any of these choices is worth the gain.